Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Rainfall Variability, Trends and Extreme Events in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A Google Earth Engine-Based Analysis

Rainfall variability strongly influences water availability, runoff generation, drought risk, and urban stormwater conditions in arid and semi-arid environments. Hargeisa, Somaliland, experiences pronounced seasonality and substantial year-to-year rainfall variability, but an integrated assessment across temporal scales, anomalies, spatial patterns, trends, and daily extremes remains limited. This study evaluates the recent rainfall regime of Hargeisa using daily Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) and Google Earth Engine (GEE) for 2010–2025. Rainfall was processed within the study boundary and aggregated to monthly, seasonal, and annual scales.