Graphene Steel Slag in Cement Composites: Piezoresistivity and Damage Monitoring

Abstract This study proposes a damage model for cement-based composites incorporating graphene and steel slag.Conducted piezoresistive experiments to analyze the effects of varying steel slag content and the synergistic interaction between graphene and steel slag on the piezoresistive properties. Selected the optimal mixture ratio for further investigation based on the results.An integrated damage monitoring methodology combining ultrasonic emission systems, electrical signal acquisition systems, and digital image correlation (DIC) was employed to track the internal damage evolution in cement-based composites in real time. This approach enables synergistic analysis of multi-source data, providing comprehensive characterization of both damage behavior and strain distribution.The results demonstrate that the proposed damage model effectively predicts internal damage evolution in cement-based composites under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions, providing a reliable new methodology for early-stage failure warning in concrete structures.