众意应答权:代议制与君主制通用的民意传导程序性补全机制 ——基于所有权-使用权二分框架与民心-天心同构的制度构想 Public Will Response Right: A Procedural Completion Mechanism for Public Opinion Transmission Applicable to Both Representative Democracies and Monarchies — An Institutional Design Based on the

作者:郭洋洋Author: Guo YangyangORCID:0009-0006-6669-1790Contact email:[email protected] Type: PreprintSubmission Date: October 29, 2026Version: v1.0 Final Bilingual EditionPreprint DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23741153Open Access License: CC BY 4.0 摘要 | Abstract 现代国家治理体系无论采用民主共和制还是君主立宪制,均普遍存在常态性民意传导失灵的治理困境:行政体系对群体性民生痛点存在“选择性遮蔽”与“鸵鸟式回应”倾向,分散民意难以通过法定渠道进入行政决策视野,最终导致合法诉求累积为街头对抗,推高全社会治理成本。现有议会监督、司法审查、监察问责等机制均属于实体性权力制衡,存在介入门槛高、对抗性强、政体兼容性弱的局限。 In modern national governance systems, whether democratic republican or constitutional monarchical, there exists a pervasive governance dilemma of chronic failure in public opinion transmission. Administrative systems tend to adopt "selective obscuration" and "ostrich-style evasion" toward collective livelihood pain points. Dispersed public opinions struggle to enter the administrative decision-making agenda through legal channels, eventually causing legitimate demands to accumulate into street confrontations and driving up the overall social governance cost. Existing mechanisms such as parliamentary oversight, judicial review, and supervisory accountability all belong to substantive power checks and balances, with limitations including high entry thresholds, strong confrontational attributes, and weak compatibility across political systems. 本文基于国家权力的“所有权-使用权”二分框架,融合西方社会契约论中的“众意”概念与中国传统“民心即天心”的治理哲学,通过对“君权神授/天人感应”的唯物化祛魅转译,将君主制与民主制的合法性基础统一锚定于“聚合性民意(众意)”,提出众意应答权这一跨政体通用的程序性权力构想。该权力由国家象征主体(世袭君主或民选元首)作为法定代行主体,仅在民意达到法定聚合阈值、且具备可核验事实依据时被动触发,核心权能为正式送达群体性诉求、要求行政体系作出公开书面答复并全程留痕存档,不具备强制整改、人事任免、政策否决等实体权力。 Based on the "ownership-usufruct dichotomy" framework of state power, this paper integrates the concept of "will of all" from Western social contract theory with the traditional Chinese governance philosophy that "the people's will constitutes the heavenly will". Through a materialistic disenchantment and reinterpretation of the "divine right of kings" and "interaction between heaven and humanity", it anchors the legitimacy foundation of both monarchies and democracies to aggregated public opinion (the will of all), and proposes the concept of Public Will Response Right (PWRR) — a procedural power design applicable across political systems. Exercised by a statutory national symbol (hereditary monarch or elected head of state), this power is passively triggered only when public opinion reaches a legal aggregation threshold and is supported by verifiable factual evidence. Its core functions are to formally deliver collective demands, require the administrative system to issue a public written response, and archive the entire process. It does not possess substantive powers such as mandatory rectification, personnel appointment and removal, or policy veto. 研究表明,众意应答权作为不触动现有行政体系的增量制度设计,能够以极低的制度成本打通官民信息壁垒,实现治理责任的可追溯化,缓冲社会矛盾的激化节奏;其底层逻辑不依赖特定政体的合法性叙事,可同时适配君主立宪制与民主共和制,为不同政体的现代国家治理提供了一条低烈度、高兼容的制衡优化路径。 This study shows that, as an incremental institutional design that does not alter the existing administrative system, the Public Will Response Right can break through the information barrier between the government and the public at extremely low institutional cost, realize traceability of governance responsibilities, and slow down the escalation of social conflicts. Its underlying logic does not rely on the legitimacy narrative of a specific political system, and can adapt to both constitutional monarchies and democratic republics, providing a low-intensity, highly-compatible path for optimizing checks and balances in modern state governance across different political systems. 关键词 | Keywords:众意应答权;民心即天心;合法性同构;民意传导;程序性权力;跨政体治理 Public Will Response Right; people's will as heavenly will; legitimacy isomorphism; public opinion transmission; procedural power; cross-system governance