Secuelas neuropsicológicas a largo plazo en meduloblastoma en fosa posterior: impacto en aprendizaje, funcionalidad y participación social

Objective: To describe long-term neuropsychological sequelae and their impact on learning, daily functioning, and social participation in adolescents diagnosed with posterior fossa medulloblastoma during childhood. Method: A descriptive case series study included six adolescents aged 12–16 years who had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy; five had also undergone tumor resection. An interdisciplinary assessment was conducted 5–7 years after diagnosis using a battery of neuropsychological, academic, behavioral, and functional measures. Findings were organized using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). Results: Impairments were identified in sustained attention in 83.3% of participants (5/6), processing speed in 66.7% (4/6), and cognitive flexibility in 100% (6/6). Full-scale IQ deficits were found in 50% (3/6). According to parent/caregiver reports, 50% (3/6) showed social problems, and the same proportion had elevated anxiety scores. Teacher reports indicated lower proportions: 33.3% (2/6) and 16.7% (1/6), respectively. Significant curricular adaptations were provided to 66.7% (4/6). Difficulties in academic performance, motor skills, speech, and daily functioning were also identified, together with limitations in autonomy and social participation. Conclusions: This clinical case series identified long-term impairments across multiple domains of functioning. The ICF-CY provided a framework for descriptively organizing the findings from an interdisciplinary, biopsychosocial perspective. The small sample size and descriptive design limit the generalizability of the results.