Metal-Organic Framework Gas-Phase Separation: Research Progress and Challenges in Structure-Mechanism-Application-Engineering

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the characteristics of high specific surface area, tunable pore channels and abundant active sites, and are important candidate materials for low-energy-consumption gas separation. This paper reviews the structural basis, action mechanisms and typical applications of MOF gas-phase separation, focuses on analyzing size sieving, thermodynamic adsorption, kinetic selective adsorption and the synergistic mechanism, and summarizes the research progress in CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 , H 2 purification and hydrocarbon separation. On this basis, the influence of pore structure, framework characteristics, defect sites and stability on separation performance is discussed, and it is pointed out that industrial application is still restricted by factors such as stability, large-scale preparation, forming and processing, regeneration energy consumption and adaptability to complex working conditions. In the future, research on high-stability material design, green large-scale synthesis, low-energy regeneration and membrane/adsorption device engineering should be strengthened, so as to push MOF gas separation technology from the laboratory to practical application.