Energy-Ontology Cosmology: Continuous Explosion, Vortex Black Holes, and the Origin of Invariant Light Speed

Abstract This paper takes energy as the sole ontological primitive and proposes a unified hypothesis as an alternative to the standard cosmological model. Starting from the principle of energy gradient flow and the principle of wave propagation, and through pure logical deduction, it constructs a new picture of cosmic evolution: the universe begins with a continuous explosion triggered by initial conditions, which splits level by level in a “one-becomes-two, two-become-four” manner, until the energy density falls below a critical threshold, giving rise to a batch of free traveling waves of uniform energy. In head-on collisions these waves convert their kinetic energy into spin kinetic energy, locking into self-stabilized vortex standing-wave structures—the precursors of black holes; black holes then generate particles through spin-shear granulation, and subsequently give rise to galaxies and life. The framework systematically expounds the continuous-explosion mechanism, the formation and structure of vortex black holes, particle generation and elemental abundances, the derived nature of temperature and gravity, the essence of dark energy, and the origin of the cosmic microwave background, and makes a preliminary comparison with the latest observational data from JWST, Chandra and others. This paper further reveals the ontological root of the invariance of the speed of light. When the primordial continuous explosion terminates at the threshold, it produces a batch of primordial free traveling waves of uniform energy and identical wavelength. When these waves collide, their kinetic energy is converted into the characteristic eigen-property ω₀·r=c₀ of the self-locked, stable vortex standing wave; and all stable vortex structures, in the absence of external forces, share this eigen-property ω₀·r=c₀. The massless free traveling waves radiated by such stable vortex structures all possess the same speed as the earlier primordial free traveling waves, thus realizing the constant transmission of the speed of light throughout the entire process of cosmic evolution. This mechanism unifies the explosion threshold, black-hole self-locking and the invariance of light speed into a self-consistent logical closure.