Cystic echinococcosis in the Republic of Moldova (2011–2024): epidemiological characteristics and the importance of the One Health approach

Introduction Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease that affects both human and animal health, causing considerable socioeconomic losses. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological trends and distribution of CE in humans and livestock in the Republic of Moldova from a One Health perspective. Materials and Methods A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using data from the National Agency for Public Health (NAPH) and the National Agency for Food Safety (NAFS). Human CE surgical cases reported during 2011–2024 (n=995) and CE cases detected in slaughtered animals during 2014–2023 (n=95,898) were analyzed. Indicators included incidence, demographic and territorial distribution, and cyst localization. Results Human CE incidence decreased from 2.2 to 1.87 cases per 100,000 population during 2016–2024, while animal prevalence declined from 24.5% in 2014 to 4.7% in 2024. The highest incidence rates were recorded in Ceadîr-Lunga (12.6), Drochia (6.2), Taraclia (6.1), Florești and Basarabeasca (6.0), and Leova (5.7) per 100,000 population, exceeding the national average (1.9). Adults aged 31-60 years accounted for 59.0% of human cases. Sheep had the highest prevalence among livestock species (7.3%). Conclusions Although declining trends were observed in both humans and animals, CE remains a significant public health and veterinary concern in the Republic of Moldova. Strengthened surveillance and intersectoral collaboration within the One Health framework are essential to reduce transmission and improve disease control.