Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma as a rare disease in an incidental imaging finding in a middle-aged woman: case report and literature review

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is a rare, benign cystic neoplasm arising from the peritoneum, most frequently diagnosed in premenopausal women. Fewer than 200 cases have been reported worldwide. Risk factors include endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women, and prior abdominal surgery in both sexes. Due to its rarity and lack of specific clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis is challenging, with most cases discovered incidentally. Diagnosis is confirmed through surgical sampling and histopathological analysis. Several treatment strategies have been proposed, with cytoreductive surgery being the standard approach. Long-term follow-up is essential due to the high recurrence rate and the rare possibility of malignant transformation.