Design of an automated freight transportation monitoring system based on internet of things networks using blockchain technology

The paper proposes an architecture for an automated freight transportation monitoring system based on blockchain technology. When integrating standard blockchain solutions with Internet of Things (IoT) devices into a unified techno-logical system, it is necessary to minimize direct requests to the main registry (root blockchain). This requirement remains essential even when participants of the distributed network are granted permissions to modify smart contract parameters, thereby reducing the load on the root registry while ensuring a high level of security during data transmission: from sensors to the mobile node and from the mobile node to the root system. The paper presents a comparative analysis of distributed ledger platforms, taking into account regional specifics and the possibility of integrating certified domestic cryptographic information protection tools. A prototype of an end-to-end freight transportation monitoring system has been developed and implemented, providing continuous tracking of cargo conditions sensitive to environmental factors. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of using smart contracts for automating control procedures and ensuring the immutability of logistics operation data. The proposed architecture enables the development of scalable and secure industrial monitoring networks for logistics companies.