Pemanfaatan CRISPR-Cas9 dalam Terapi HIV dan Tantangan Risiko Off-Target: Kajian literatur

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge due to its ability to form latent reservoirs that are difficult to eliminate with antiretroviral therapy (ART). CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers a new approach to HIV therapy through the editing of viral genes and host cell receptors involved in the infection process. This study aims to examine the potential use of CRISPR-Cas9 in HIV therapy as well as the challenges associated with off-target effects. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with a literature search conducted using the PubMed database. A total of ten articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed descriptively. The results of the review indicate that CRISPR-Cas9 is capable of targeting the HIV-1 genome and host cell receptors such as CCR5 and CXCR4, inhibiting viral replication, inactivating latent proviruses, and enhancing cellular resistance to HIV infection. Several studies have also reported successful HIV elimination in animal models. However, the application of this technology still faces challenges in the form of off-target effects, viral escape, and limitations of gene delivery systems. Thus, CRISPR-Cas9 holds great potential as a curative therapy for HIV, although further development is still needed to improve its safety and effectiveness.