Experimental Performance Analysis of a 100-WP Photovoltaic Irrigation System

Solar energy is increasingly used in crop irrigation as a sustainable water-management solution. However, the relationship between photovoltaic (PV) capacity, energy storage, and pump performance in integrated irrigation systems remains insufficiently studied. This study evaluated a solar-powered garden irrigation system comprising a 100 Wp PV panel, a 12 V 33 Ah battery, a solar charge controller, an inverter, and a ¼ HP Shimizu water pump. Performance was monitored hourly from 08:00 to 16:00 WIB over seven consecutive days under varying weather conditions. Solar radiation ranged from 382 to 950 W/m², while panel output power ranged from 42 to 68 W at a relatively stable voltage of 17.4–17.8 V. Average daily energy production was 577.48 Wh, with an effective power of 72.18 W. The battery required approximately 6–7 hours to charge and independently powered the pump for 1.4 hours, whereas direct solar operation lasted up to 6 hours. The pump delivered an average discharge of 26 L/min, providing up to 2,184 L of water per operating cycle. Overall PV–battery–pump system efficiency was 5.42%. Higher solar radiation increased power output and pump performance. These findings indicate the system’s potential for small- to medium-scale garden irrigation as an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solution.