Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Monument Signs and Validation Against Loading Tests

Monument signs installed in urban areas and along roadsides play an important role in delivering commercial information and shaping urban landscapes. However, with the increasing frequency and intensity of strong winds associated with climate change, they face more frequent damage and increased risk of secondary failures, such as overturning and collapse. In this study, nonlinear pushover analysis of monument signs was performed to evaluate the static nonlinear behavior and failure characteristics of the lower joints and thereby validate this approach against results from loading tests. The resulting load-displacement behavior and failure patterns were comprehensively analyzed to classify the failure types and identify dominant vulnerability factors.