Implementation of the Policy Regarding the Expression of Opinions in Public within the Jurisdiction of the Jakarta Metro Regional Police

The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the implementation of the policy on public freedom of expression within the jurisdiction of the Jakarta Metropolitan Police (Polda Metro Jaya), its supporting and hindering factors, and police efforts to address implementation issues. Employing a qualitative descriptive research method, this study utilizes data from in-depth interviews and document analysis involving ten key informants. The participants comprise the Tangerang Metro Police Chief, the Benteng Sector Police Chief, the Head of the National Unity and Politics Agency (Kesbangpol) of Tangerang City, three Crowd Control (Dalmas) personnel, and three representatives from civil society organizations (Ormas). The results indicate that: first, the implementation of the freedom of expression policy within the Polda Metro Jaya jurisdiction adopts a humanistic security approach—where police escort demonstrations without firearms to safeguard citizens' constitutional rights—and designates specific demonstration zones, applying Charles O. Jones's policy implementation theory, which emphasizes organization, interpretation, and application. Second, supporting factors include constitutional guarantees, clear legal regulations, and humanistic security services. Conversely, hindering factors encompass a lack of advance written notification, anarchic crowd behavior, the presence of infiltrators carrying dangerous objects to damage public facilities, and provocations or hoaxes on social media that inflame crowd emotions. Third, police efforts to overcome these structural and situational challenges are executed through comprehensive preemptive, preventive, and repressive measures