Geographical Impact of Highway Expansion on Vanwasmachi Village in Karad Tehsil, Satara District, India

Abstract Highway expansion is an important geographical process that transforms rural landscapes, accessibility, land-use patterns and socio-economic activities. While highway development improves connectivity and facilitates movement of people, goods and services, it may also generate adverse consequences such as agricultural land loss, land fragmentation, environmental pollution, drainage problems and livelihood disturbances. The present study examines the geographical impact of highway expansion on Vanwasmachi village in Karad Tehsil of Satara District, Maharashtra. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design based on primary and secondary sources. A structured questionnaire was designed and a sample of 100 respondents representing different occupational groups was considered. The study analyses the impacts of highway expansion on accessibility, agriculture, land use, settlement, economic activities and the environment. Percentage analysis, weighted mean score, composite impact indices, correlation analysis are proposed for quantitative assessment. The model findings indicate that highway expansion has generated substantial positive impacts through improved connectivity, reduced travel time and better market accessibility, while agricultural land loss, dust pollution, noise pollution and land fragmentation constitute major negative impacts. The overall model Highway Expansion Impact Index is estimated at 66.80, indicating a high perceived impact. The study concludes that highway expansion should be planned through an integrated geographical framework balancing transport efficiency, agricultural protection, environmental sustainability and local livelihood security.