Twenty-one new species of Cnemarachis Saylor, 1942 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Rhizotrogini) from Cuba

The following 21 new species of Cnemarachis Saylor, 1942 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Rhizotrogini) are described from Cuba: Cnemarachis alamedai Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. batabanensis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. binovacula Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. contortodiabla Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. diabla Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. duoflagella Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. duplex Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. galindensis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. granmensis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. hamiformis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. hippocampus Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. horrida Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. litoralis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. megnai Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. paulseni Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. rupestris Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. salazari Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. terrazasensis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. virgata Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; C. yunquensis Smith & Molina, sp. nov.; and C. zapatensis Smith & Molina, sp. nov. Justification is given for elevating Cnemarachis to the genus level with a list of the included species. The genus name Madiniella Chalumeau & Gruner, 1976 is placed in synonymy with Cnemarachis. The following species names are placed in synonymy (valid name listed first): Cnemarachis acunai (Chapin, 1937) with Phyllophaga alayoi Garcia-Vidal, 1978; C. aeneotincta (Chapin, 1932) with P. castineirasi Garcia-Vidal, 1978; C. bruneri (Chapin, 1932) with P. alquizara Chapin, 1932; C. expansa (Chapin, 1932) with P. baraguensis Chapin, 1932 and P. schwarzi Chapin, 1932; C. explanicollis (Chapin, 1935) with P. sabanalamarensis Serrano & Morón, 2017; C. nasalis (Chapin, 1935) with P. pauli Serrano & Morón, 2017; C. parallela (Blanchard, 1851) with Ancylonycha puberula Jacquelin du Val, 1856; and C. signaticollis (Burmeister, 1855) with P. parcesetifera Chapin, 1935 and P. insulaepinorum Garcia-Vidal, 1978.