Knowledge-Practice Gap in Rational Antibiotic Use Among Intern Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study at Trakya University

Aim: Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and influencing factors of intern physicians regarding rational antibiotic use and resistance is crucial for developing effective educational interventions against the growing global threat of antibiotic resistance. This study evaluates these aspects in intern physicians, who are key players in antibiotic prescribing.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 135 intern physicians at a state university's Faculty of Medicine during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data on demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes regarding rational antibiotic use were collected using a validated questionnaire. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression to identify independent determinants of knowledge and attitude scores. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05.Results: Participants were primarily women (57.8%) compared to men (42.2%), with a mean age of 23.6±0.7 years. Female intern physicians demonstrated significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores (p<0.05). Higher scores were also associated with perceived training sufficiency, avoiding antibiotic use without examination, reading package leaflets, and proper drug storage. The majority (86.7%) recognized antibiotic resistance as a significant health problem.Conclusions: Medical interns are aware of antibiotic resistance, but need better knowledge and attitudes regarding rational antibiotic use. Practice-based training programs targeting behavioral changes are recommended.