Processing Window Expansion Enables Uniform Crystallization in Scalable Ambient‐Fabricated Perovskite Photovoltaics

ABSTRACT Slot‐die coating is a promising scalable deposition technique for perovskite devices due to its high material utilization and inherent compatibility with continuous manufacturing. However, a narrow deposition‐to‐annealing time window and inhomogeneous ink distribution limit the device performance. Herein, we report a combined additive (CA) strategy that simultaneously regulates nucleation kinetics and phase evolution, broadening the processing window for slot‐die coating in the ambient. By synergistically introducing rubidium thiocyanate (RbSCN) and formamidinium thiocyanate (FASCN), an in situ coordination mechanism is established that lowers the energy barrier for the δ‐to‐α phase transition while suppressing non‐photoactive phase formation. This leads to uniform crystallization over an extended time window exceeding 100 s, yielding dense large‐grained α‐FAPbI 3 films with minimized vertical compositional gradient and reduced residual strain. The resulting films exhibit suppressed defects, prolonged carrier lifetime, and optimized energy‐level alignment, enabling efficient charge extraction and reduced nonradiative recombination. The CA strategy enables highly uniform large‐area deposition to deliver an efficiency of 22.70% for perovskite solar modules. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices maintain 97.76% of the initial efficiency under ISOS‐L‐3 for 1300 h. This CA strategy establishes a generalizable pathway for decoupling crystallization kinetics from processing constraints, providing a robust method for scalable high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Materials
Published
2026-10-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.75520
Primary Topic
Perovskite Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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Processing Window Expansion Enables Uniform Crystallization in Scalable Ambient‐Fabricated Perovskite Photovoltaics

Dong Fang Yang, Jie Liu, Shaoan Yang, Xuejie Zhu et al.
7 links
Advanced Materials
Perovskite Materials and Applications
article

Processing Window Expansion Enables Uniform Crystallization in Scalable Ambient‐Fabricated Perovskite Photovoltaics

Dong Fang Yang, Jie Liu, Shaoan Yang, Xuejie Zhu, Zhihua Zhang, Dongqi Yu, Lianjie Duan, Ruixia Yang, Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Slot‐die coating is a promising scalable deposition technique for perovskite devices due to its high material utilization and inherent compatibility with continuous manufacturing. However, a narrow deposition‐to‐annealing time window and inhomogeneous ink distribution limit the device performance. Herein, we report a combined additive (CA) strategy that simultaneously regulates nucleation kinetics and phase evolution, broadening the processing window for slot‐die coating in the ambient. By synergistically introducing rubidium thiocyanate (RbSCN) and formamidinium thiocyanate (FASCN), an in situ coordination mechanism is established that lowers the energy barrier for the δ‐to‐α phase transition while suppressing non‐photoactive phase formation. This leads to uniform crystallization over an extended time window exceeding 100 s, yielding dense large‐grained α‐FAPbI 3 films with minimized vertical compositional gradient and reduced residual strain. The resulting films exhibit suppressed defects, prolonged carrier lifetime, and optimized energy‐level alignment, enabling efficient charge extraction and reduced nonradiative recombination. The CA strategy enables highly uniform large‐area deposition to deliver an efficiency of 22.70% for perovskite solar modules. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices maintain 97.76% of the initial efficiency under ISOS‐L‐3 for 1300 h. This CA strategy establishes a generalizable pathway for decoupling crystallization kinetics from processing constraints, providing a robust method for scalable high‐performance perovskite photovoltaics.

Advanced Materials
Liaoning Normal University (CN), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (CN), Dalian University of Technology (CN), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Dalian Jiaotong University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 24%
Perovskite Materials and Applications
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