Knowledge-Based IoT Framework for Smart Campus Management

Smart campus systems use Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance campus services, reduce resource waste, and support sustainable development. This paper proposes a knowledge-based IoT framework for smart campus management. The framework focuses on three main subsystems: (1) smart parking, (2) smart lighting, and (3) smart waste management. These subsystems are integrated through a centralized knowledge base that analyzes collected data and supports effective decision-making. The smart parking system uses sensors and camera-based recognition to identify available parking spaces, guide users to free locations, and support pre-booking of parking spots. This approach helps reduce traffic congestion and the time spent searching for parking. The smart lighting system relies on environmental and motion sensors to automatically control lighting based on real-time conditions. In addition, it supports automatic scheduling for classrooms and teacher-based control, which contributes to significant energy savings. The smart waste management system monitors waste bin fill levels using sensors and sends alerts when collection is required, improving waste collection efficiency and maintaining campus cleanliness. All sensor data are collected and processed on a central platform, where a knowledge-based layer applies predefined rules to enable automated actions and system control. The proposed framework was implemented as a prototype and applied in a campus-like prototype environment to evaluate its performance. The results show improved operational efficiency, reduced energy consumption, and better overall campus management. This study confirms that integrating IoT technologies with a knowledge-based approach offers a practical and scalable solution for smart campus systems and supports the development of sustainable and intelligent campus environments.