Network Pharmacology and Protein-ProteinInteraction Analysis of Wedang Uwuhas Potential Multitarget Anticancer Agents

Wedang Uwuh is a traditional Indonesian herbal beverage composed ofvarious spices with potential medicinal properties. This study aimed to analyzethe anticancer potential of Wedang Uwuh using an in silico bioinformaticsapproach. Phytochemical screening identified 145 compounds from sevenherbal components. Computational target prediction identified 1,960 putativeprotein targets, of which 237 overlapped with cancer-related proteins.Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and functional enrichment analyses showedthat these proteins were involved in important cancer-related pathways,including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, EGFRtyrosine kinase pathway, apoptosis pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway.Several hub proteins, such as AKT1, SSTAT3, HSP90AA1, SRC and EGFR,were also identified. These findings provide preliminary insights into thepotential anticancer mechanisms of Wedang Uwuh and support furtherexperimental studies.