Smooth stationary water waves with multiple vortex spikes

For any prescribed positive integer $n$, we establish the existence of a family of stationary solutions to the two dimensional capillary-gravity water wave equations in finite depth, whose stream functions exhibit $n$ well-separated vertically aligned vortex spikes with alternating signs. The construction is based on a nonlinear gluing scheme for a singularly perturbed semilinear elliptic equation coupled to the Bernoulli equation on the free surface. Our results extend the single-spike construction to arbitrary finite multi-spike configurations and reveal a mechanism through which exponentially localized vortex spikes can coexist with an almost flat free surface.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
arXiv (Cornell University)
Published
2026-10-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.35129
Primary Topic
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
Type
preprint
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preprint

Smooth stationary water waves with multiple vortex spikes

Youquan Zheng, Yuchen Wang, Zhiqiang Fan
arXiv (Cornell University)
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
preprint

Smooth stationary water waves with multiple vortex spikes

Youquan Zheng, Yuchen Wang, Zhiqiang Fan
preprint en

Abstract

For any prescribed positive integer $n$, we establish the existence of a family of stationary solutions to the two dimensional capillary-gravity water wave equations in finite depth, whose stream functions exhibit $n$ well-separated vertically aligned vortex spikes with alternating signs. The construction is based on a nonlinear gluing scheme for a singularly perturbed semilinear elliptic equation coupled to the Bernoulli equation on the free surface. Our results extend the single-spike construction to arbitrary finite multi-spike configurations and reveal a mechanism through which exponentially localized vortex spikes can coexist with an almost flat free surface.

arXiv (Cornell University)
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations
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Smooth stationary water waves with multiple vortex spikes — Youquan Zheng, Yuchen Wang, et al. · arXiv (Cornell University) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS