Treatment Adherence Among Hypertensive Patients: A Qualitative Case Study

Hypertension, known as the silent killer, is a chronic disease requiring long-term management. Patient adherence to a treatment program is a key determinant of therapeutic success; however, non-adherence remains widespread. This study aimed to determine the level of adherence among hypertensive patients in following the treatment program at Lavalette Hospital, Malang City. A descriptive qualitative method with a case study design was employed, involving five outpatient hypertensive patients, conducted from February 19 to March 26, 2025. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and blood pressure measurements across three visits per subject. Based on clinical assessment and participant self-report, all subjects appeared to demonstrate low adherence to antihypertensive medication. However, adherence was not measured using a validated standardized instrument. Factors contributing to non-adherence included limited knowledge about hypertension, low family support, fear of medication side effects, daily busyness, and restricted access to healthcare facilities. Blood pressure in all subjects remained above normal values. The findings suggest that continuous patient education and active family involvement may represent important strategies for improving hypertension treatment adherence, though further research with larger samples is warranted.