Sociodemographic and Maternal Factors Associated With Birth Weight Among Married Women in Indonesia: Analysis of the 2017 IDHS

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major public health problem. In Indonesia, socioeconomic inequality and disparities in maternal healthcare utilization may contribute to adverse birth outcomes, yet evidence among married women using nationally representative data remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with birth weight among married women in Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDIR71FL). A total of 14,208 married women aged 15–49 years were included in the analysis. Weighted analysis was conducted prior to statistical testing to account for the complex survey design. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with birth weight. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Maternal education, province, wealth index, multiple pregnancy, parity, and antenatal care (ANC) visits were significantly associated with birth weight. Mothers with diploma or university education were more likely to deliver infants with normal birth weight (COR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.33–2.04). Conversely, twin pregnancies (COR=0.04; 95% CI: 0.03–0.06), primiparity (COR=0.80; 95% CI: 0.70–0.92), and fewer than four ANC visits (COR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.59–0.91) were associated with lower odds of normal birth weight. Conclusion: Socioeconomic and maternal healthcare factors were significantly associated with birth weight among married women. Strengthening maternal education, improving economic support, and increasing access to adequate ANC services may contribute to reducing adverse birth outcomes in Indonesia.