Knowing When to Escalate: Disagreement Patterns for Uncertainty-Aware Content Moderation
Agentic content-moderation systems increasingly rely on collective judgments from LLM agents, while aggregation methods commonly treat inter-agent disagreement as a reliability problem to be removed through consensus or voting. This framing is inappropriate for value-laden tasks, where disagreement may reflect irreducible value pluralism - a distinction standard uncertainty decompositions cannot recover, since they operate on output distributions and discard the reasoning behind each judgment. We propose Reasoning Trace Divergence Analysis (RTDA), which embeds model-generated justifications from perspective-differentiated agents and classifies each case by justification similarity and conclusion agreement. The resulting four-state taxonomy isolates convergent disagreement, where agents reasoning similarly but concluding differently, as a candidate signature of value-laden conflict. On 1,000 items from the Measuring Hate Speech corpus, this structural signal predicts human annotator disagreement better than magnitude-only and output-only baselines. We contribute a design principle: condition human escalation on the structure of disagreement, not its magnitude alone, with RTDA serving as a post-processing layer for systems that already generate reasoning traces.
Authors
- Jarosław A. Chudziak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-8652)
- Michał Wawer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2717-1616)
Publication Details
- Journal
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Published
- 2026-10-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.35335
- Primary Topic
- Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Type
- preprint