Regulatory actions on Polymarket and Kalshi in 22 European jurisdictions

A dated record of what European public authorities have done about Polymarket and Kalshi, read 19 October 2026 and updated to 23 October. It covers 22 jurisdictions and 53 actions: sixteen blocking orders or blacklistings, one penalty (420,000 euros in the Netherlands, now before a court), one licensing regime (Gibraltar's Prediction Market Regulations 2026, in force since 13 July 2026), and written replies from eight regulators to Vultax's questions. An action enters the record only when an authority, a court or a regulator's written reply documents it; where only press reports exist, the row says so and carries the report's date. Two findings run through the record. Eleven of the sixteen blocks are not applied by Polymarket itself, whose published geographic restrictions name a shorter list. And only France, Spain and Switzerland have network tests behind their blocks; in France 82% of polymarket.com tests were anomalous or failed. Open at the reading: Spain's sanction case, due by about 26 November 2026; the merits of Polymarket's Italian appeal; the Danish appeal; and the Czech order that has required providers to block kalshi.com since 15 October. Sources are the authorities' own documents, linked in each row, with ESMA's July 2026 statement on event contracts and its September risk monitor as the European frame. Deposited: the page at https://vultax.com/research/prediction-markets-europe-regulation-tracker as a research note (PDF) and page (HTML, PDF) from 27 October 2026, the proof-scope record and a CITATION.cff. The page goes on being updated; this record is the reading of that date. Authorship correction, 28 October 2026: Sophia Kurg is the lead author and Christopher Geneth Kurg is co-author. The archived files preserve the earlier attribution and have not yet been corrected.