REVIEW ON: THE FUTURE OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: INTEGRATING NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACOGENOMICS FOR TAILORED THERAPIES

Personalized medicine is revolutionizing healthcare by tailoring medical treatment to individual characteristics.Two rapidly advancing fields-nanotechnology and pharmacogenomics-hold immense promise in refining this approach.Nanotechnology offers precise drug delivery systems, while pharmacogenomics enables therapy selection based on a patient's genetic profile.This review explores the convergence of these disciplines, discussing their synergistic potential, current applications, challenges, and future directions in developing highly targeted and effective therapies.The use of nanotechnology in biomedical applications, referred to as nanomedicine, has attracted significant attention during the recent past, as a multifunctional approach to target-specific drug delivery and diagnostics.The promising results already achieved with monofunctional nanomedicines have led the researchers towards designing "nanotheranostics" (i.e.theranostic nanomedicines) that combine imaging and therapeutic modalities within one platform.Nanotheranostics are extremely promising since they integrate the concomitant non-invasive disease diagnosis and treatment with the intriguing capability to track in real-time drug release and distribution, thereby anticipating and confirming the efficacy of the therapy.As a result of these aspects nanotheranostics are highly desirable for the optimization of therapeutic outcomes in cancer and other life-threatening diseases.Various theranostic nanomaterials have been recently designed combining therapeutic and diagnostic agents in a single treatment regimen.For the cure of cancers, several biofluids and tumors are separated and subsequently investigated for different biomarkers like soluble markers, immune histocomplexes, proteins as products of gene mutation, modified proteins antigens, or differently produced proteins.Treatment on correct time relies heavily on correct-time diagnosis with high specificity and precision.This review tells about integrating nanotechnology and pharmacogenomics for tailored therapies.