3D PRINTED DOSAGE FORMS INTEGRATED WITH NANOPARTICLE DRUG DELIVERY: CURRENT ADVANCES, EVALUATION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Because it makes it possible to create customized medications, intricate geometries, and programmed drug release systems, three-dimensional (3D) printing has become a game-changing technology in the pharmaceutical sciences.Customized pharmacokinetics and patient-specific dosing are frequently not possible with conventional dose forms.A synergistic platform that combines precise manufacturing with increased solubility, targeting, controlled release, and bioavailability is provided by the combination of 3D printed dosage forms and nanoparticle-based drug delivery.Tablets, films, microneedles, implants, and scaffolds made by additive manufacturing can incorporate nanoparticles such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and metallic nanoparticles.The foundations of pharmaceutical 3D printing technologies, the function of nanoparticles in sophisticated formulations, comparative examples of medications created using printed systems loaded with nanoparticles, evaluation techniques, therapeutic applications, benefits, drawbacks, and future prospects are all summarized in this review.The integration of nanotechnology and 3D printing is a significant step toward next-generation smart dosage forms, on-demand production, and precision medicine.