Differences in functional mobility and body composition between older Thai women with and without mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional comparative study

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with declining physical performance; however, evidence among older Southeast Asian women remains limited. This study compared functional mobility, muscle strength, and body composition between older Thai women with and without MCI. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included 54 community-dwelling older Thai women (29 with MCI and 25 without MCI). Cognitive status was classified using the Thai version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Functional mobility was assessed using the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) and Five Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS) tests. Handgrip strength and body composition were measured using dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Physical activity level was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and categorized according to the World Health Organization recommendations. Between-group comparisons were conducted using independent sample t-tests, and analysis of covariance was performed after adjusting for age and physical activity level. Results: Compared to non-MCI participants, women with MCI had longer TUG and FTSTS times (both P<0.001), lower handgrip strength (P<0.001), reduced muscle mass (P=0.001), and higher body fat percentage (P=0.002). Effect sizes were large across functional and body composition measures. These differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and physical activity levels. Conclusion: Older Thai women with MCI exhibited impaired mobility, reduced muscle mass, and increased adiposity, even after adjusting for age and physical activity level. Functional performance assessment may help enhance the early identification of at-risk individuals in community settings.