Prácticas sostenibles de los nuevos actores económicos cubanos: responsabilidad social ambiental

Contemporary environmental challenges have reinforced the importance of incorporating sustainability criteria into business activities. In Cuba, the diversification of economic actors raises questions about the relationship between environmental social responsibility, legally binding environmental duties, and monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. This study critically examines that relationship with regard to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, self-employed workers, and local development projects. Using a qualitative, legal-doctrinal, analytical, and documentary approach, it examines the Cuban regulatory framework, particularly Law No. 150/2022, alongside specialized literature on corporate environmental management. The analysis distinguishes voluntary sustainability commitments from legally enforceable obligations and identifies criteria for strengthening prevention, monitoring, and accountability. It concludes that effective environmental management requires measures tailored to the type and risk of economic activity, together with institutional and organizational capacities that support implementation. Given the documentary nature of the study, the proposals require further empirical assessment.