Reservation Policy and Policy Dialogue in the Civil Service of Nepal

Reservation in Nepal's civil service remains a subject of ongoing debate regarding its effectiveness in promoting inclusion while maintaining administrative efficiency. This study examines the perceptions of senior bureaucrats, social activists, and political representatives towards the reservation policy. Using a qualitative research method, data were collected through 12 key informant interviews (KIIs) involving six senior bureaucrats, three social activists, and three political leaders representing Dalit, Indigenous Nationalities, Madheshi, and Khas- Arya communities. The participants included four women and eight men. The data has been analyzed using thematic analysis method. The findings indicate broad support for reservation as a mechanism for advancing social justice, improving the representation of historically marginalized groups, and strengthening inclusiveness in public administration. At the same time, respondents expressed concerns about policy implementation, particularly the absence of transparent eligibility criteria, inadequate monitoring mechanisms, and the potential capture of benefits by the relatively advantaged ("creamy layer") within target groups. The study concludes that the effectiveness and legitimacy of the reservation policy depend on strengthening its implementation through clear beneficiary identification, transparent indicators, and periodic policy evaluation to ensure equitable access and meaningful representation in Nepal's civil service.