A guide to common childhood illnesses: chickenpox

Chickenpox (varicella) is a highly infectious viral disease that is usually self-limiting in children but can cause serious complications in adults and vulnerable groups. This article reviews the clinical presentation, transmission, complications, prevention and management of chickenpox, with particular focus on the role of practice nurses. It describes the characteristic progression of the rash from macules and papules to vesicles and scabs, while highlighting how presentation may vary according to skin tone. Key red flag symptoms, including neurological and respiratory symptoms, persistent fever, dehydration and signs of bacterial infection, are discussed, alongside groups at increased risk of severe disease, such as pregnant women and people who are immunocompromised.