Research on Policy Response, Technological and Economic Bottlenecks, and Equitable Transition Path of China's Mining Areas under the Dual Carbon Target

Under the "dual-carbon" strategic framework, coal, as a cornerstone of China's energy security and local finances, faces unprecedented pressure to decarbonize. This paper, based on a micro-perspective of Shaanxi mining areas, systematically analyzes the policy response, operational frictions, and strategic optimization paths of coal enterprises through case studies, comparative policy assessments, and empirical survey data. The study finds that coal enterprises face severe technical and economic bottlenecks in their low-carbon transformation, including significant parasitic power consumption, a cost-price loss exceeding 60% due to the inverted cost of commercial carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), and extremely high dependence on regional finances and employment. To resolve the "energy trilemma" and achieve a balance between emission reduction and economic equity, this paper proposes a dual-track transformation framework that integrates "existing technology-based carbon reduction" with "incremental diversified development," and proposes a three-pillar institutional guarantee that includes a "just transition fund." The relevant conclusions provide specific policy references for China's low-carbon transformation that balances energy security, economic feasibility, and social equity.