NORMATIVE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN DKPP'S CODE OF ETHICS ENFORCEMENT

The enforcement of the code of ethics by the Honorary Council of Election Organizers (DKPP) has largely been understood as a mere institutional disciplinary mechanism, while its relation to the protection of citizens' political rights as part of human rights has received limited attention in prior literature. This study aims to analyze the position of the right to vote as a human right within Indonesia's democratic constitutional state, the position and function of DKPP in enforcing the code of ethics, and the implications of such enforcement for the protection of the right to vote. This study employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary and secondary legal materials descriptively and analytically. The findings show that the right to vote gives rise to a three-tiered state obligation—to respect, to protect, and to fulfil—and that DKPP's ethics enforcement is positioned within the to protect obligation, which is preventive-systemic rather than remedial-individual in nature. This study also identifies structural problems within DKPP, including its member appointment mechanism, evidentiary procedures, sanction certainty, and secretariat independence, which affect the effectiveness of this function. The study concludes that strengthening DKPP's institutional position is integral to fulfilling the state's constitutional obligation to protect citizens' political rights.