Characterization priorities in Persian audio descriptions: A comparative study of films for children and adults

This study examines the priorities of characterization in Persian audio descriptions of films for visually impaired audiences, focusing on a comparative analysis of adult and children’s films. By employing Rimmon-Kenan’s (2005) model of indirect characterization – action, speech, environment, and external appearance – and integrating Egri’s (1923) character bone structure, the research analyzes the portrayal of film protagonists across 14 audio-described films. A total of 1,915 protagonist-related audio descriptions were identified, from which 4,735 instances of characterization elements were extracted and analyzed: 2,623 from adult films and 2,112 from children’s films. The findings reveal a consistent prioritization pattern across both film groups, with the description of the environment ranked highest, followed by actions, external appearance, and speech. However, differences within these categories provide key insights into the distinct demands of audio descriptions for different audiences. Notably, in children’s films, external appearance is described prior to the start of the animation, as children’s cognitive development may require more explicit cues to grasp social and emotional elements. These findings highlight the critical importance of well-prioritized descriptions in enhancing accessibility for visually impaired audiences, allowing them to engage with films as fully as sighted viewers.