Modern ultrasound techniques – what can ultrasound really do today?

The aim of this review is to provide a practical radiological perspective on the current role of different ultrasound techniques and contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ceVUS) in the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux, with particular emphasis on the ability of B-mode ultrasound to raise suspicion of clinically significant reflux, the contemporary role, advantages, and limitations of ceVUS, and the ways in which modern ultrasound techniques are changing our understanding of reflux-associated renal risk.