Livelihood Interventions Under Department of Agriculture–Special Area for Agricultural Development (DA‑SAAD) Program in Abra

This study assessed the implementation and effectiveness of livelihood interventions under the Department of Agriculture–Special Area for Agricultural Development (DA-SAAD) Program in seven geographically isolated and disadvantaged municipalities of Abra, Philippines. Guided by the Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, Theory of Change, Program Logic Model, Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, and Stakeholder Perception Theory, the study employed a descriptive–correlational design involving 210 farmer-beneficiaries. Data were gathered using a validated, pilot-tested structured questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that beneficiaries were predominantly middle-aged, married, and experienced farmers. Social preparation (mean = 4.22) and food production and livelihood support (mean = 4.32) were completely implemented, whereas marketing assistance and enterprise development (mean = 4.01) and program management (mean = 4.02) were substantially implemented. Socio-economic conditions were perceived as much improved (mean = 4.00), while productivity enhancement (mean = 4.10) and livelihood sustainability (mean = 4.07) demonstrated high effectiveness. The proportion of low-income beneficiaries decreased from 82.9% to 55.2%. Overall implementation was strongly associated with program effectiveness (r = .708, p < .01). Constraints were moderately serious (mean = 3.22), particularly inadequate farm inputs, insufficient training, limited technical assistance, and restricted market access. The study recommends improved input distribution, specialized training, enterprise development, market linkages, and institutional coordination. Its findings align with Sustainable Development Goals 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), and 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through their relevance to income improvement, food security, and productive livelihoods. The study supports economic, community, and institutional sustainability by informing strategies for beneficiary self-reliance, livelihood continuity, and more responsive agricultural program implementation.