ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA: MATERI PERUBAHAN WUJUD SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

Scientific literacy is an essential competence that students need to develop from primary school, yet elementary students often struggle to use scientific knowledge to explain phenomena, design investigations, and interpret evidence. States of matter and their changes in fourth grade are closely related to everyday phenomena, but students' scientific understanding is often limited. This study aimed to describe fourth-grade students' scientific literacy on states of matter and their changes based on three competency indicators, namely explaining phenomena scientifically, evaluating and designing scientific inquiry, and interpreting data and evidence scientifically, and to identify the difficulties they experienced. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed at one elementary school in Surabaya. Data were collected through a diagnostic test of six essay questions administered to 24 students, classroom observation, semi-structured interviews with six purposively selected students, and an interview with the classroom teacher. The data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification, and technique triangulation was used to maintain trustworthiness.