Compassion-Focused Therapy and Its Impact on Illness Perception and Sleep Quality in Patients with Diabetes: The Role of Self-Compassion

Introduction: Individuals with diabetes frequently experience sleep disturbances, which can exacerbate symptoms, impair cognitive function, and negatively affect emotional well-being. Poor sleep quality can lead to increased fatigue, irritability, and difficulty managing diabetes. The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion- focused therapy (CFT) in modifying illness perceptions and enhancing sleep quality among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. Furthermore, the study examined whether self- compassion serves as a mediating mechanism in this therapeutic relationship. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized, incorporating pre-test, post- test, and follow-up evaluations alongside a control condition. Using a convenience sampling approach, 30 patients were recruited from a specialized diabetes clinic in Ahvaz. These participants were randomized into two groups: an intervention group that underwent eight weekly 90-minute sessions of CFT and a standard control group. All primary variables, namely sleep quality, illness perceptions, and self-compassion, were assessed using self- report questionnaires. Finally, the collected data were statistically analysed using repeated- measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results demonstrated that CFT significantly improved illness perceptions and sleep quality in patients with diabetes, both directly and indirectly, with the indirect effects partially mediated by self-compassion (P < 0.001). These positive effects were sustained over time (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that CFT not only has a direct impact on these outcomes but may also operate through self-compassion. By cultivating self-compassion, CFT may empower individuals with diabetes to develop healthier coping strategies, reduce stress, and enhance overall well-being