A system-level review of computational modeling and simulation techniques for EV electronic and energy systems

It is absolutely essential to support the rapidly growing need for Electric Vehicles (EVs) through electronic and energy systems with high efficiency, reliability and performance as a major solution for sustainable transportation. The computational modeling and simulation techniques have proven to be very powerful tools for the analysis, design and optimization of EV subsystems such as Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), power electronic converters, semiconductor devices, electric drives and vehicle level energy management systems. This article provides an extensive insight into the system level modeling techniques for research of EV electronic and energy systems. Here we have discussed the fundamentals of various modeling methods, such as electrochemical, electro-thermal, electromagnetic, multiphysics, and multiscalemodeling, enabling to predict system behavior and efficiency, degradation, thermal stability and reliability under realistic operating conditions. The researchers have introduced numerical methods such as finite element analysis, finite volume and finite difference methods along with data-based and machine learning assisted simulation techniques, to provide fast simulation performance prediction and optimization. Also, this study brings focus on the future trend of employing wide-band gap semiconductor devices, advanced control techniques and integrated simulation platforms as a means to improve efficiency and sizeable reduction in the development cost of EVs. In pursuit of the same, there is a revelation of a few scalability problems, model accuracy, computation complexity and experimental verification problems. In the end, areas of research and future directions including digital twins, real time simulations and AI-based predictive modeling are put to test to help further advancement in the future EV technologies.