The Ashʿarī Ḥashwiyya: A Controversy Between Al-Andukānī and Al-Ījī’s Students

Abstract This article examines three debates in the 8th/14th-century Eastern Islamic world regarding a specific divine attribute. They involve Kamāl al-Dīn al-Andukānī (fl. 777/1375), a Māturīdī theologian, and three students of ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī (d. 756/1355) discussing the nature of divine speech. These debates illuminate an understudied aspect of al-Ījī’s doctrinal development and his immediate 14th-century reception through the lens of a Māturīdī author. A close reading of the testimonies of the historical figures involved reveals that, despite al-Mawāqif being al-Ījī’s magnum opus , it does not represent his final position on the nature of divine speech.