Association of SDF‐1β (rs1801157) and TCF7L2 (rs12255372) Gene Polymorphisms With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Bangladeshi Population: A Case‐Control Study

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component and variations in specific gene alleles can significantly influence individual susceptibility. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 beta (SDF-1β) plays a crucial role in inflammatory responses, glucose regulation, and the maintenance of pancreatic β-cell function, while TCF7L2, a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, governs insulin secretion and overall glucose homeostasis. The present study evaluated the association of the SDF-1β rs1801157 and TCF7L2 rs12255372 polymorphisms with T2DM development in the Bangladeshi population. Methods: In this case-control study, 140 clinically diagnosed T2DM patients and 95 healthy controls, were enrolled after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee. Genomic DNA was genotyped for SDF-1β (rs1801157) and TCF7L2 (rs12255372) SNPs using PCR-RFLP, with MspI used for SDF-1β digestion and MluCI for the TCF7L2 fragment. The resulting genotypes were then identified through agarose gel electrophoresis. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested in both groups. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test, with crude and adjusted (for age, sex, BMI) odds ratios (ORs). Results: > 0.05). Conclusions: The SDF-1β (rs1801157) AA genotype was significantly less frequent among T2DM patients, suggesting a possible protective association, whereas TCF7L2 (rs12255372) showed no such association. Given the modest sample size and limited statistical power, these findings indicate a possible association rather than a definitive marker of susceptibility and require replication.