Gas-Light Interaction Intensity Limits: A Framework for Quantum Internet Architecture

The realization of a scalable Quantum internet requires coherent quantum-state transduction between superconducting microwave qubits operating at milli-kelvin temperatures and optical telecommunication band channels. Despite substantial advances in electro-optic and optomechanical conversion devices, the thermodynamic constraints governing coherence preservation during this translation remain insufficiently understood. In this work, a predictive thermodynamic design framework is established based on the scale-invariant Concentration–Coupling Law, Γ. Here, Γ is explicitly defined as the Gas-Light Interaction Intensity, a dimensionless order parameter where both the optical field congestion and the ambient gas pressure scale are directly related.