When Is a Mathematical Proof Finished: Construction, checking and the four colour theorem

A mathematical proof can be ready to circulate while further improvements remain possible. Building on Donald MacKenzie’s historical account and its published corrections, this article examines how Appel and Haken connected proof construction with checking, repair and readiness to make their work public. It distinguishes constructing a workable argument, judging it ready to circulate and securing wider mathematical acceptance. An explanatory diagram and vocabulary appendix make these relationships accessible. The article offers neither a universal stopping rule nor a new archival reconstruction.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23656793
Primary Topic
History and Theory of Mathematics
Type
preprint
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preprint

When Is a Mathematical Proof Finished: Construction, checking and the four colour theorem

Peter N Bell
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
History and Theory of Mathematics
preprint

When Is a Mathematical Proof Finished: Construction, checking and the four colour theorem

Peter N Bell
preprint en

Abstract

A mathematical proof can be ready to circulate while further improvements remain possible. Building on Donald MacKenzie’s historical account and its published corrections, this article examines how Appel and Haken connected proof construction with checking, repair and readiness to make their work public. It distinguishes constructing a workable argument, judging it ready to circulate and securing wider mathematical acceptance. An explanatory diagram and vocabulary appendix make these relationships accessible. The article offers neither a universal stopping rule nor a new archival reconstruction.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
History and Theory of Mathematics
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When Is a Mathematical Proof Finished: Construction, checking and the four colour theorem — Peter N Bell · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS