Evolution of topical therapy: a comprehensive review of liposomal salicylic acid in dermatological management

Liposomal salicylic acid represents a significant advancement in the formulation of topical dermatological therapies. Salicylic acid, an established beta-hydroxy acid, is highly effective for its keratolytic and comedolytic properties; however, its traditional formulations are often limited by poor aqueous solubility and the potential for significant cutaneous irritation. To address these challenges, liposomal delivery systems, such as Lipoedge™ have been developed to encapsulate the active ingredient within phospholipid bilayers, facilitating a controlled and sustained release mechanism. This review examines the various preparation techniques, including thin-film hydration and reverse-phase evaporation, and analyses the physicochemical characterization essential for stable delivery, such as particle size and entrapment efficiency. Furthermore, the article explores the clinical efficacy of liposomal salicylic acid in managing acne vulgaris, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and other hyperkeratotic conditions like psoriasis. By reinforcing the skin barrier and reducing trans-epidermal water loss, these next-generation formulations not only enhance therapeutic outcomes but also significantly improve safety profiles and patient compliance compared to conventional free-acid treatments.