The Process of Preserving Life: A Grounded Theory of Officer Decision-Making During Potential Use-of-Force Incidents

Limited research has examined the decision-making process of officers during potentially volatile interactions with the public. To provide an initial understanding of this process in Canada, we conducted interviews using the Critical Decision Method with 23 Winnipeg Police officers with a variety of experiences (e.g. junior members, tactical officers). Using grounded theory methodology, we developed a theory that explains an officer’s decision-making process during potential use-of-force incidents. Our theory, the process of preserving life, has two main components: (1) the decision-making process involved in preserving life; and (2) the overarching factors that influence officer decision-making. We found that officers have expertise in responding to potential use-of-force incidents and that tactical officers have some unique elements of enhanced decision-making. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for officer training and future research.