ANALYSIS OF MODERN PROBLEMS OF DEGRADATION OF WATER ECOSYSTEMS AND LANDSCAPE BALANCE OF SAMARKAND

Abstract. This article comprehensively analyzes the modern urban planning, ecological and hydrological factors of the degradation of water ecosystems and landscape balance in the coastal and floodplain areas of the city of Samarkand. The causes of the disruption of the natural water cycle and microclimate stability as a result of urbanization processes, an increase in the area of hard surfaces, the closure or pipelining of ditches and canals, industrial and household waste, as well as transport pressure are highlighted. The article considers water bodies not only as engineering and technical communications, but also as a holistic system that ensures the city's green infrastructure, climatic stability and historical identity, and proposes integrated solutions that combine urban planning, ecology and water management approaches. Key words: Samarkand, water ecosystems, landscape balance, degradation, urbanization, blue-green infrastructure, canals and canals, solid pavements, urban heat island, environmental monitoring, sustainable urban development.