Cross‐Scale Energy Transfer at Dipolarization Front in the Earth's Magnetotail

Abstract Dipolarization front (DF) is a key structure for energy conversion and transport in planetary magnetotails. Although multiscale processes have been observed around DFs, quantitative analyses of cross‐scale coupling remain lacking. Here, we calculate cross‐scale transfer rate for different energy channels at a DF using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations. The results show that electromagnetic energy transfers mainly from large to small scales, while plasma energy exhibits a predominantly inverse transfer from small to large scales within the DF. This inverse plasma energy transfer is mainly carried by electrons. Furthermore, electromagnetic energy is converted into plasma energy most efficiently at the DF scale. We perform a PIC simulation and reveal cross‐scale energy transfer characteristics at the DF that are consistent with MMS observations. These results establish the DF as a key region for energy conversion and cross‐scale energy transfer, providing new insight into multiscale processes in magnetotail reconnection and substorms.