Alienação, perda do futuro e sofrimento psíquico-existencial na era da aceleração social: a hipótese do “esgotamento subjetivo” do modo de vida capitalista

The objective of this article is to outline the core aspects of the concept of "subjective exhaustion" within the capitalist way of life, understood as the framework of exacerbated psychosocial and existential consequences, fundamentally experienced in pathological terms. This is considered in light of the typical connection of late modernity, as evidenced by Hartmut Rosa, between social acceleration and the near-total capture of lifetime it imposes, alongside the processes of alienation described by Marx as characteristic of the capitalist mode of production. In a second phase, with the aid of Sartre's philosophy, the aim is to demonstrate how this heteronomous relationship with time, particularly the loss of the future dimension it entails, blocks the possibilities for constructing a properly human existential meaning, reducing life to mere survival. This opens space for the proliferation of pathological forms of resistance, whose understanding goes beyond the individual level and is better defined as symptoms of the social or as “negative social experiences.” In other words, it is argued that the current stage of capitalist development produces, not merely as a residual phenomenon but as an intrinsic consequence of its own mode of functioning, ways of being in the world that foster a generalization of psychic-existential suffering, notably depression.