Blockchain Readiness Model for Halal Logistics: An Empirical Study using PLS-SEM in the Indonesian Logistics Industry

To build trust among the parties involved in the supply chain, in addition to technological readiness, organizational readiness is also needed to maintain halal integrity in the applications of blockchain in halal logistics. This study developed and tested a blockchain readiness model for halal logistics by integrating the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework with halal readiness dimensions. 230 respondents from logistics service providers and halal warehousing and distribution managers in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta, completed a quantitative survey. The analysis used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), and the data were processed in SmartPLS4. The result showed that technological readiness and organizational readiness significantly affected halal integrity. Meanwhile, technological readiness, environmental readiness and halal readiness significantly influence trust. In the next stage, halal integrity and trust were found to significant effect blockchain readiness. Trust significantly affect blockchain readiness (β = 0.322; p = 0.001). Findings in the assessment of blockchain readiness in halal logistics are based on technical and organizational readiness, environmental support, capabilities, the ability to integrate elements into logistics activities, and stakeholder trust. An analysis and processing model can expand the TOE framework by adding halal-aspect readiness, with halal integrity and trust outcomes as blockchain readiness factors in halal logistics.