Original-scale calibrated probabilistic building electricity load forecasting for demand-side management

Reliable day-ahead electricity forecasts are needed for building energy management, demand-side operation, and risk-aware scheduling. In common data-driven pipelines, targets are normalised for training, whereas forecast errors and uncertainty intervals are interpreted after inverse transformation to kWh. This creates a cross-space mismatch for heterogeneous building loads. We propose DSRC-TFT, a lightweight calibration extension of the Temporal Fusion Transformer that combines original-scale interval regularisation, linear residual refinement, and horizon-aware quantile calibration while retaining the TFT backbone. On BDG2, DSRC-TFT reduces MAE, RMSE, WAPE, pinball score, Winkler score, and prediction-interval width relative to TFT and quantile-regression baselines, with empirical coverage remaining close to the nominal 90% level. Sensitivity analysis reveals an accuracy–sharpness–coverage trade-off rather than a universally optimal interval-loss weight. Five independent random initialisations show limited variation in the main test metrics. Computational profiling further shows that the added modules increase the parameter count by less than 0.4% and profiler-reported FLOPs and inference latency by about 0.1%. The results support original-scale calibration as a practical way to improve probabilistic building electricity forecasts without materially increasing model complexity.

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Publication Details

Journal
Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
Published
2026-10-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/01436244261503391
Primary Topic
Energy Load and Power Forecasting
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Original-scale calibrated probabilistic building electricity load forecasting for demand-side management

Binyu Li, Yan Feng, Jiandun Li, Shaofeng Lin
Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
Energy Load and Power Forecasting
article

Original-scale calibrated probabilistic building electricity load forecasting for demand-side management

Binyu Li, Yan Feng, Jiandun Li, Shaofeng Lin
article en

Abstract

Reliable day-ahead electricity forecasts are needed for building energy management, demand-side operation, and risk-aware scheduling. In common data-driven pipelines, targets are normalised for training, whereas forecast errors and uncertainty intervals are interpreted after inverse transformation to kWh. This creates a cross-space mismatch for heterogeneous building loads. We propose DSRC-TFT, a lightweight calibration extension of the Temporal Fusion Transformer that combines original-scale interval regularisation, linear residual refinement, and horizon-aware quantile calibration while retaining the TFT backbone. On BDG2, DSRC-TFT reduces MAE, RMSE, WAPE, pinball score, Winkler score, and prediction-interval width relative to TFT and quantile-regression baselines, with empirical coverage remaining close to the nominal 90% level. Sensitivity analysis reveals an accuracy–sharpness–coverage trade-off rather than a universally optimal interval-loss weight. Five independent random initialisations show limited variation in the main test metrics. Computational profiling further shows that the added modules increase the parameter count by less than 0.4% and profiler-reported FLOPs and inference latency by about 0.1%. The results support original-scale calibration as a practical way to improve probabilistic building electricity forecasts without materially increasing model complexity.

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology
Shanghai Dianji University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 24%
Energy Load and Power Forecasting
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