多级光谱梯级串联转化体系:太阳能全品位利用与光-生物质耦合范式 Multi-Stage Spectral Cascade Tandem Conversion System: Full-Grade Solar Energy Utilization and Solar-Biomass Coupling Paradigm

作者:郭洋洋Author: Guo YangyangORCID:0009-0006-6669-1790Contact email:[email protected] Type: PreprintSubmission Date: October 26, 2026Version: v1.0 Final Bilingual EditionPreprint DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23669879Open Access License: CC BY 4.0 摘要 Abstract 全球木质纤维素类生物质存量巨大,但传统利用体系存在显著的层级断层:高值径材仅占生物量的小部分,大量枝桠、枯落物、农业秸秆等剩余物或被露天焚烧、或自然腐解,既造成资源浪费,也是草原与森林火灾的核心隐患。与此同时,反刍动物对天然饲草的消化受植物化学防御与纤维结构限制,解毒与纤维分解过程消耗大量代谢能,制约了畜牧生产效率。 The global stock of lignocellulosic biomass is enormous, yet the traditional utilization system has prominent hierarchical gaps: high-value large-diameter timber accounts for only a small fraction of total biomass, while vast quantities of residues such as twigs, litter, and agricultural straw are either open-air burned or naturally decomposed. This not only wastes resources but also constitutes a core hazard for grassland and forest wildfires. Meanwhile, the digestion of natural forage by ruminants is constrained by plant chemical defenses and fiber structure; the processes of detoxification and fiber decomposition consume substantial metabolic energy, limiting the efficiency of livestock production. 本文基于此前提出的多级极端生态位串联通用范式,将其从生物质物质转化领域迁移至太阳能能量转化领域,构建了一套多级光谱梯级串联转化体系。该体系按光子能量品位将全光谱拆分为多个独立层级,每一级配置专一功能的转化单元,依靠材料本征的光谱选择性与温度梯度实现天然的能量隔离与接力,替代额外人工分光能耗;高能级光子优先转化为高品位电能,中低能级剩余能量依次转化为中温工业热能、低温民生热能,末端余热进一步接入木质纤维素生物转化系统,实现能量-物质的跨系统闭环。 Based on the previously proposed general paradigm of multi-stage extreme niche tandem, this paper migrates it from the field of biomass material conversion to the field of solar energy conversion, and constructs a multi-stage spectral cascade tandem conversion system. The system splits the full spectrum into multiple independent stages according to photon energy grade, and each stage is equipped with a dedicated functional conversion unit. It relies on the intrinsic spectral selectivity of materials and temperature gradients to achieve natural energy isolation and relay, replacing additional artificial spectral splitting energy consumption. High-energy photons are preferentially converted into high-grade electric energy, and the remaining medium and low-grade energy is sequentially converted into medium-temperature industrial heat and low-temperature domestic heat. The terminal waste heat is further connected to the lignocellulose bioconversion system to realize a cross-system closed loop of energy and matter. 本文阐述了该体系的热力学基础、工艺架构与级间接力机制,并针对边境草原、农林产业园两类典型场景进行了效益耦合分析。研究表明,该体系是对现有光伏产业的长尾价值补全,可在不改变主流发电技术路线的前提下,大幅提升太阳能全品位总利用效率,同时形成“太阳能供能-生物质提质-生态减灾”的正向循环。 This paper elaborates the thermodynamic basis, process architecture and inter-stage relay mechanism of the system, and conducts benefit coupling analysis for two typical scenarios: border grasslands and agriculture-forestry industrial parks. The study shows that this system serves as a long-tail value complement to the existing photovoltaic industry. It can greatly improve the total utilization efficiency of full-grade solar energy without changing the mainstream power generation technology route, and simultaneously form a positive cycle of "solar energy supply - biomass quality improvement - ecological disaster reduction". 关键词:太阳能梯级利用;光谱分级;光电光热耦合;多级串联;光生物质闭环;草原生态治理 Keywords: solar energy cascade utilization; spectral grading; photovoltaic-thermal coupling; multi-stage tandem; solar-biomass closed loop; grassland ecological governance